PT-2026-4296 · Rufus · Rufus

Independent-Arg

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Published

2026-01-22

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Updated

2026-03-03

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CVE-2026-23988

CVSS v3.1

7.3

High

VectorAV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Name of the Vulnerable Software and Affected Versions Rufus versions 4.11 and below
Description Rufus, a utility for formatting and creating bootable USB flash drives, contains a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the src/net.c file. This occurs during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Because Rufus operates with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory, which is accessible to standard users without file locking, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one. This allows for arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. The issue is exploitable when an administrator runs Rufus with elevation and a standard user has access to the same system, either locally or through Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). This scenario allows the user to automate the file replacement in %TEMP% and gain administrator privileges.
Recommendations Rufus versions prior to 4.12 BETA should be updated. Do not run Rufus with Administrator privileges on shared systems.

Exploit

Fix

Time Of Check To Time Of Use

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Weakness Enumeration

Related Identifiers

CVE-2026-23988
GHSA-HCX5-HRHJ-XHQ9

Affected Products

Rufus