PT-2026-50149 · Crates.Io · Deno

Published

2026-06-16

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Updated

2026-06-16

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CVE-2026-49440

CVSS v3.1

7.4

High

VectorAV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Summary

node:crypto.checkPrime(candidate[, options][, callback]) and crypto.checkPrimeSync(candidate[, options]) ran no Miller-Rabin rounds at all when the caller left options.checks at its default of 0. In that mode, the only test applied to the candidate was trial division by the primes up to 17,863. Any composite whose smallest prime factor exceeds that bound — for example the product of two primes just above it, such as 17,881 × 17,891 — was reported as true ("probably prime").
The same divergence affected the lower-level op node check prime / op node check prime bytes paths that the polyfill calls into.
Node.js itself does not have this problem: it forwards checks = 0 to OpenSSL's BN check prime, which substitutes a sensible default number of rounds based on the candidate's bit length (per FIPS 186-4 Appendix C.3 Table C.1). Deno's Rust implementation had no equivalent fallback, so count = 0 meant "skip the loop entirely."

Affected APIs

  • crypto.checkPrime(candidate) (callback form, default options)
  • crypto.checkPrime(candidate, { checks: 0 }, callback)
  • crypto.checkPrimeSync(candidate) (default options)
  • crypto.checkPrimeSync(candidate, { checks: 0 })
Callers who explicitly passed checks >= 1 were less affected, the loop ran the number of rounds they asked for, but were still receiving fewer rounds than Node would have applied for the same bit length. With the patched version they get at least the FIPS minimum.

Not affected

  • Deno's prime generation (crypto.generatePrime, crypto.generatePrimeSync, and the DH parameter generation path). Those routes go through Prime::generate with options in ext/node crypto/primes.rs, which hardcodes 20 Miller-Rabin rounds and never reads a user-controlled checks value, so the bug never reached them.
  • Any other Deno-internal use of primality testing — is probably prime is not called from elsewhere in the runtime with count = 0.
  • Web Crypto (crypto.subtle.*), which uses entirely separate code paths and does not expose a primality test.

Impact

The realistic exposure is application-level: a Deno program that calls crypto.checkPrime (or its sync variant) with default options to validate an externally-supplied bignum, for example checking a peer-provided Diffie-Hellman prime, validating a prime read from configuration, or sanity-checking an RSA factor, will accept crafted composites as prime. The composite is trivial to construct: any product of two primes greater than 17,863 works.
Downstream consequences depend on what the program does with the "verified" prime. If the prime is fed into a key exchange, signature verification, or factorization-style check, the security guarantees of that protocol collapse to whatever the attacker engineered into the composite.
The CVSS impact is bounded by the requirement that the victim application both (a) calls checkPrime with default options and (b) acts on the result for security-relevant input it does not control.

Reproduction

ts
import { checkPrimeSync } from "node:crypto";

// 17881 and 17891 are both prime and both above the trial-division
// ceiling used by Deno's implementation.
const composite = 17881n * 17891n;

// Affected versions print `true`; the patched version prints `false`.
console.log(checkPrimeSync(composite));
The same result is reproducible from Rust against the internal helper:
rust
use num bigint::BigInt;
let composite = BigInt::from(17881u32) * BigInt::from(17891u32);
assert!(!is probably prime(&composite, 0)); // fails on affected versions

Fix

PR #34391 introduces a helper min miller rabin rounds for bits(bits) that returns the FIPS 186-4 Appendix C.3 round counts, matching the defaults OpenSSL uses inside BN check prime. is probably prime then clamps the loop bound to count.max(min miller rabin rounds for bits(n.bits())). The probabilistic loop now always executes, regardless of what checks value the caller supplied, with a round count strong enough to keep the false-positive probability below 2^-80. Callers that pass a larger explicit checks still get exactly that many rounds.
Unit tests under ext/node crypto/primes.rs cover the 17,881 × 17,891 case, a larger 64-bit composite, and the FIPS lookup table itself.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately:
  • Pass an explicit checks value when calling crypto.checkPrime or crypto.checkPrimeSync. A value of 64 is conservative for any reasonable bit length and keeps the loop running.
  • Do not rely on crypto.checkPrime to validate attacker-influenced bignums in security-critical paths until you are on the patched release.

Fix

Found an issue in the description? Have something to add? Feel free to write us 👾
dbugs@ptsecurity.com

Weakness Enumeration

CWE-325

Related Identifiers

CVE-2026-49440
GHSA-9XG4-QHM4-G43W

Affected Products

Deno