PT-2026-53015 · Npm · @Sigstore/Core

Published

2026-06-26

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Updated

2026-06-26

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CVE-2026-48758

CVSS v3.1

5.4

Medium

VectorAV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

Impact

The preAuthEncoding function in @sigstore/core uses Node.js 'ascii' encoding when converting the PAE (Pre-Authentication Encoding) string to bytes. This allows payloadType to be mutated after signing without invalidating the signature, breaking the type-binding guarantee that DSSE is designed to provide.
In packages/core/src/dsse.ts, the PAE function builds a string containing payloadType and then encodes it with Buffer.from(prefix, 'ascii').
In Node.js, 'ascii' encoding for string-to-Buffer is equivalent to 'latin1', which truncates characters above U+00FF to their low byte. This means for any ASCII character, there exist Unicode characters (at U+01xx, U+02xx, etc.) that produce the identical encoded byte:
OriginalCodepointMutantCodepointEncoded byte
tU+0074ŴU+01740x74
eU+0065ťU+01650x65
An attacker can substitute every character in payloadType with a Unicode variant whose low byte matches, producing identical PAE bytes and a passing signature verification.
Additionally, payloadType.length returns the JavaScript string length (UTF-16 code units) rather than the UTF-8 byte length required by the DSSE spec, though this is only a contributing factor for non-ASCII types.

Reproduction

javascript
const { preAuthEncoding } = require('@sigstore/core/dist/dsse.js');
const payload = Buffer.from('hello world');

const original = preAuthEncoding('text/plain', payload);
// U+01xx chars whose low bytes match the original ASCII chars
const mutant = preAuthEncoding('u0174u0165u0178u0174/u0170u016cu0161u0169u016e', payload);

console.log('PAE bytes equal:', original.equals(mutant)); // true — should be false

Fix

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

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Weakness Enumeration

Related Identifiers

CVE-2026-48758
GHSA-JFC7-64V2-MR8C

Affected Products

@Sigstore/Core